PUBLIC EVEnTS AT THE UNITED NATIONS 
 ---------------------------------
 John Pazmino
 NYSkies Astronomy Inc
 nyskies@nyskies.org 
 www.nyskies.org 
 2013 September 5 initial 
 2020 January 5 current 

Introduction 
 ----------
    The campus of the United Nations on Manhattan was under an all-/ 
points rebuild. The structures were substantially those of the late 
1940s when the United Nations moved in. They were only incrementally 
modified over the decades. The campus until 208 looked like a gigantic 
construction site, as if the campus was newly going up. 
    The goings on within the UN campus historicly were secluded from 
public view, save for its news issues, formal reports, and comments by 
UN delegates. This off-limits posture could create a hostile reception 
to the construction by the surrounding districts. 
    The campus is hemmed in by the East River to the east and dense 
commercial and residential areas on the other three sides. About 
100,000 people live within a kilometer from the campus. The area 
within this radius has urban activity equal to all of Boston or San 
Francisco.     

Brief history 
 ----------- 
    I remind that the UN when foundedI after World War II had no 
headquarters. It took residence in the New York City pavilion left 
over from the 1939-1940 World's Fair. This building still stands today 
as the Queens Museum of Art. Repeated alterations since then 
oblitterated vestiges of UN residence. Occasional exhibits  and 
ceremonies at the Museum recall the history. 
    The UN moved into its shiny new quarters in 1948-1950. it had 
about 50 member countries, mostly those affected by war. These 
nations, and later ones joining the UN, contributed artpieces, 
decorations, ornaments for the campus. The UN became the showcase for 
world human intellect, culture, education, arts. 
    The UN now houses, as at 2019, 193 members. Each must have 
facilities and services equal to the original members. this imposed 
severe demand on the existing campus. 
    In spite of many threats, often silly, over the years to 
quit the City, the United Nations is inexorably fixed here for all 
time to come. 
    In 2012 the UN began renovating its campus, mostly to bring its 
structures, facilities, services, utilities into the 21st century. 
This is a several-billion dollar project, funded by donations from the 
member countries. 
    I wrote the initial edition of this article in 2013 soon after I 
started getting specific invites to certain UN meetings. I at first 
thought there were several associates and many remote readers so 
favored. It turned out that the article received almost no attention 
for the apparently few readers who receive UN invites. 
    I left the article in place on the web for history's sake. When 
the UN's open-to-public program began in 2017 I did a rough revision, 
mostly a patch-up work. It was well received as readers caught on to 
the new program. Th 2020 piece is a mass upgrade and cleanup. Smoother 
some historical bits remain to show the evolution from the dedicated-
invite period to now.  

Civic outreach
 ------------
     Large-scale construction is one of the major disturbances endured 
by New Yorkers. By its noise, congestion, machinery, dust, spills, 
barriers, piles of materials and debris, *c generate massive 
complaints from its surrounds. For the UN the agitation was enlarged 
by the supposed secret activity within the UN walls. News accounts of 
some UN diplomatic and political actions adverse against the United 
States added more cause to community anger. 
    To alleviate at least some discomfort among its neighbors, the UN 
asked its offices to somehow open their internal procedings to 
outsiders.  The goal of letting  outsiders sit the meetings was to let 
the surrounds better understand what the hell goes on behind the tall 
fence, guarded gates, and construction barricades. 
    The construction and expansion will be easier for the surrounds to 
accept and accommodate. Hey!, the UN tries to get whole countries to 
be more transparent toward each other, why not apply that concept to 
districts of a city? 
    In late spring of 2013 many UN offices, from small commissions to 
the whole General Assembly, opened some of their meetings to outside 
spectators. Each office made its own choice for operations to open for 
outside attendance, apparently with little definite guidance or 
direction. The meetings were reviews, summaries, briefings, films, 
explanation of assorted topics under study or debate by the UN. 
    Admission was free and sometimes included refreshments or a 
reception. 
    I have no idea how the open sessions were selected nor how many 
are scheduled. For sure there are perhaps six to eight per year. 
That's from what I hear of. 
    I also have no idea how the invites were issued. Admission to each 
event was only by specific invite. There was no open registration or 
application. Based on my own and colleagues's experience, each person 
was invited with little regard to his relevance to the event's topic. 
In my own case i was invited for events of good interest and use and 
to some of  none, and a couple glatt disgusting ones. 

Public is welcome
 ---------------
    By mid 2017 the United Nations was more or less completed with its 
rebuild. The street was cleared of major machinery and materials. 
Construction activity continued inside to build out new rooms and 
halls,  I believed, since my dedicated invites seemed to peter out, 
that the community outreach was finished.
    By then I already had the enormous privilege to witness first-hand 
the workings of some UN offices, a privilege probably quite rare for 
the general public. This is in spite of the sometimes full spectator 
galleries for some events I attended. 
    In mid 2017 I got a new invite for a UN function. This was not a 
dedicated one. It was clearly presented as 'open to the public'. 
    Inquiring about, I found that the UN shifted its welcome from only 
selected persons to a more general public audience. Apparently the UN 
found its outreach earned good favor and support. It decided to expand 
the program to allow anyone to register. Approval of your sign-up is 
still discretionary by the UN office running the event. 
    As far as I can tell the UN offices individually pick the events 
for public audience. The selection seems as peculiar as for the 
dedicated invitation phase. The new class of notice seems to circulate 
to various event calendars, but to the general news media. I only 
learn of the event thru the email invite, not from reading of it in a 
newspaper or hearing it thru the radio. 
    I pass along these UN notices to the NYSkies circle. I quickly 
found that many are issued on short leadtime, sometimes only a day in 
advance. These I can't pass along for there would be too short time 
for readers to register. 
    None of the events have anything close to astronomy. NYSkies 
astronomers are a very litterate and wisely community,, so I let them 
decide for themselfs which events to go for. 

It's free! 
 --------
    The United Nations is the house of all humankind. All  of its 
events, public or dedicated invite, are free of charge. A person does 
pay for incidentials, like meals and souvenirs, but there is no fee 
for the event itself. 
    On o occasion under the new public phase many atttendees came from 
places remote from New York, even from overseas.. They signed up thru 
booking agencies, who said their fee includes the cost of the event. 
Since ordinary conferences and shows can cost several tens to a few 
hundred dollars, registrants never caught on. The booking agency 
pocketed this extra money. 
    At one event that I attended some overseas attendees found out 
that the show was free and raised complaints. The moderator had to 
announce that from now on know well that events at the UN have NO 
charge, price, fare, toll, fee, cost. The persons at this events were, 
well, cheated. 
    For those getting reimbursed or fronted funds to attend there 
could be hell to pa if you add in a bogus amount as 'registration 
fee'. All the major funding and grant outfits know very well that the 
United Nations welcomes its guests with no charge. 
 
Topics 
 ----
    From what I see and colleagues tell me, the subject of the 
meetings ranged over the whole field of UN concerns. They are not just 
'science' or 'education'. They include the obvious items like border 
disputes, military action, and disaster relief. Other lesser known but 
important themes are farm improvement, radio interference, disease 
remediation, immigration, smuggling,heritage care, human rights. 
    In the days before the meeting, deliberately study the topic thru 
Internet and current news media! You'll understand the procedings and 
better engage with other attendees and officials. 
    The meeting host, by an internal procedure, assesses the need and 
desire for public spectators. It seems there is no unified roster by 
which you can ask consideration for desired subjects. This is likely 
due to the lack of a single clearing house for public spectators. Each 
meeting's host makes its own decisions. 

The invite 
 --------
    I hardly can be the only astronomer to be favored with UN invites. 
At least two others asked me what to do with their just-received 
invite to actually sit at a United nations meeting.  They wanted to 
know: Is there a uniform to wear? Is fluency in French required? Is a 
thank-you gift in order? Is arrival by public city bus acceptable? 
    I assume the invites I get will be occasional, there likely being 
thousands of potential candidates, each getting a sporadic invite now 
and then. Getting an invite every couple months is enough for me. Else 
I might as well get a job at a UN member's office. 
    In the early years when I got dedicated invites, I could not 
give it or share it to an other person. Only the specific invited was 
on the event's guest roster.
    Now that invitations are open to the public, you may get one by 
pass-along from an associate, referral to a link for it, as well as 
directly from the UN. You may exercise the invite in all three cases. 
    When I got the specific invites I felt obligated to accept. Being 
that the UN, by some unknown means, selected me as a honored guest  I 
should go and be an honored guest.  It was probably not wise to 
snub the UN by declining its specific request to witness one of its 
events. 
    In the current open-to-public program I do pass up the lesser 
interesting invites. You may, too, by merely not responding to it. 
Please consider passing it on to other possibly interested other folk. 
    You could be rejected! This typicly is caused by missing a 
deadline to RSVP or the event's seating being full. There's no further 
action required but you may want to send back a polite thank you note. 

The RSVP
 ------
    The invite is like any other for a show, giving the date, hour, 
    location,title of the event. It commonly offers a description or 
purpose for the the event, with topics and presenters. 
    it will give a means of responding to apply for approval. with 
just about all correspondence being via internet the RSVP is thru a 
web or email. I can't recall an option to answer by personal visit to 
an office or by voice phonecall. 
    Follow the instructions for replying! The reply may be a form to 
fill in and submit on a web. Be extra careful in your typing. A single 
wrong character or digit could invalidate your response or cause you 
to miss a return approval or confirmation.
    The form may ask for only a few personalia; name, email address, 
home town. it could ask for details at first irritating, like a birth 
date, passport number, demographic items. it's up to you to procede 
with the response or bail out. the response my call for a manually 
keyed in email. Keep it short, concise, and mature. At least tell 
which event you're applying for, your basic personalia, and some words 
of thanks. Assure that the event host may contact you for further 
needed items.
    Make SURE you save and print the response form/email!! At the very 
least, with no printing facility, capture the response into a 
directory where you can fetch it easily and quickly. This is probably 
the situation if you work Internet thru a mobile device.
    I haven't heard of problems from having only the saved paperwork 
displayed on a mobile device's screen, as if increasingly common for 
tickets and coupons. Yet I haven't heard of a electronic paperwork 
allowed by the UN. Play safe and have hardcopy with you. 

Event envelope
 ------------ 
     Make an envelope to hold all your paperwork for the event. Label 
it with the event title and date. Put in this envelope the invitation,  
application or response, approval/confirmation, other correspondence, 
notes and articles about the event topic, copy of your identity 
papers. 
    Bring this with you to the event  and other places associated with 
it, like an office to get the event ticket. doing so ensures that you 
have in hand any item which could be requested. It can happen that 
some clerical mishap occurs and your paperwork will walk you thru it. 
    The envelope after the event is a one-place keep-sake for the 
event materials, including souvenirs and takeaways from the event. 

Identification 
 ------------
    Have with you positive photo identification! This must be issued 
by a competent government entity, such as a passport, employee badge, 
motor vehicle driving licence, social benefits card. 
    A corporate photo ID badge Is usually accepted if the company is a 
major one, specially with worldwide operations. Ask at your personnel 
office about its use for attending UN shows. Some companies restrict 
its ID for internal functions and not as a general identification. It 
may give you an 'external' ID card to use for outside events. 
    Please know that the IDNYC card promoted by New York City was on 
occasion rejected as valid identification. This card has been 
forged or duplicated or obtained by false application. Have a second 
corresponding photo ID to resolve disputes. 

Badge 
 --- 
    You need a 'badge', a paper ticket, for entry onto the nonpublic 
parts of the UN campus. The event instructions may call this a 
'ticket' or 'pass'. You may be instructed to get this badge on prior 
days at a certain office near the UN or at the entry gate on the day 
of the event. Just do as instructed! 
    The badge states the event place and hour. You could be barred 
from entering the campus too soon before the start hour. 
    When the event lets out, you must leave the meeting hall and 
return to the public areas of the campus. The badge expires at or soon 
after the  end of the event.  It does not allow free roaming around 
beyond the event's hours. 
    Take care of your badge! Keep it clean and smooth, not wrinkling 
or folding it. Have it handy for inspection by UN crew. Losing your 
badge turns you into a stateless person subject to detention and some 
nasty inquest. Understand well that the United Nations is NOT part of 
the United States. It is foreign realm under its own jurisdiction. 
    I  myself put the badge in an ordinary convention badge holder 
that loops around the neck. Don't use the one that pins or clips on 
the clothing. It's too easy to fall off and go missing. 
    I wear my badge cross-shoulder to prevent snagging and flopping. 
The badge is held in sight without having to dig it out of my pocket , 
where it can be wrinkled or crumpled. The elastic cord lets a UN guard 
pull it closer to inspect it. 
    Wear the badge for the whole time on campus, even during breaks or 
intermissions. A UN staff may ask to see it.  You don't have to hand 
it in or have in stamped/punched. When you leave the campus after the 
meeting, the badge is yours as a souvenir. 
     
Getting the badge 
 ---------------
    When the ticket is issued at the UN entry gate, arrive good and 
early! This prevents congestion in the minutes before the event 
starts. Have at ready your confirmation/approval and ID. 
    For events with small audiences you meet an event agent who checks 
you off a roster and hands you the ticket. 
    For large audiences the agents crew tables spaced out by guests's 
last initial. Stand on the line for your last initial.  The agent 
checks you off and hands you the ticket. 
    As simple and direct as this process should be, there are 
instances of disorder and chaos. The tables may be wrong tickets, long 
lines, irritating delays, conflicting or vague instructions. On the 
other hand there may be no hassles and you have your ticket in hand 
within a couple minutes. 

    The approval letter may tell you to obtain a ticket at an off-
campus office on certain days before the meeting. Do the trip to this 
office early in the pick-up period. This assures you in fact are duly 
enrolled for the event and avoids last-minute rushing around . 
    Thinking you can save trouble by showing up and asking for the 
ticket at the UN gate is really asking for trouble. Tickets not 
claimed during the pick-up days may be declared no-shows or cancelled. 
You may be denied admission to the meeting. 
    The office premises, in my experience, vary from neat clean modern 
business rooms to what I can politely call reeking slums. In all 
cases, behave as if visiting any regular business office. Show the 
receptionist your confirmation letter. and ask for the event agent. 
    Like in many commercial buildings nowayears, there may be a 
scanner to pass thru or a bag inspection. In other cases, as I at 
times went thru, the receptionist points to the elevator and grunts, ' 
'fourth floor'. You damn better keep a straight face. 
    At the ticket office be professional and mature! The ticket 
officer greets you and you return the greeting. State your purpose. He 
may examine your ID and confirmation letter. He then  hands it to you. 
    Verify that it is your ticket by event and name. Thank  the 
officer! Ask for the way out if the path is not obvious.
    You're done! All documented for the event. Put the badge in a safe 
place and make SURE you take it with you for the event. 

Be on time! 
 --------- 
    Arrive EARLY for the meeting! At least a half to a full  hour 
before event time. If the meeting is much earlier than your usual 
daily routine, grit your teeth and get on your way early. 
    There could be a large audience milling around to be admitted, 
tickets may be issued at the entrance, there could be some burocratic 
glitch to clear up. And you lose time going thru the security check as 
you enter the campus. 
    Arrive EARLY also because in some instances the audience is taken 
into the campus in a group. You could be closed out by coming late. If 
you are admitted, the event host has to pull an official from the 
meeting to escort you. This is a n imposition accompanied by 
substantial delay. The only useful gain for you is learning 
interesting curses in some foreign language. 
    After presenting your badge and ID to the guard, he'll direct you 
to a security check, like that of an airport with magnetic gates, bag 
inspection tables, and X-ray scanner. According as the nature of the 
event and number of guests for it, the security check may be 
abbreviated. Follow all instructions! 

At the UN 
 -------
    Arrive lightly burdened. leave at home your backpack, heavy 
shoulder bag, rolling luggage. Come only with a lightweight day-bag. 
    This not only eases your travels within the campus but speeds up 
security checks. The bag may have extra room for any takeaways or 
souvenirs.
    It can hold items from your pockets that could trip the magnetic 
gate, like coins, pens, keys, metal gadgets. Put the bag, folded or 
closed, thru the X-ray scanner. 
    Like at an airport you should consider wearing belt-less slacks 
and slip-on shoes. Removing these if the security agent asks can be 
clumsy and time-wasting. if you do have a belt, remove it before 
entering the campus and put it into the day-bag. 
    Have handy the event paperwork and your photo ID. Present the ID 
as requested and then keep it at ready during your visit. UN guards 
posted thruout the campus may ask to see it. 

Decorum 
 -----
    Clean fresh street clothes are sufficient. If you normally wear a 
business suit, that's OK. Don't 'dress up' with feathers and jewels. 
The general dress code is regular office or business style. 
    Bathe well, use soft-scent lotions, wear clean linen. Lay off 
strong perfumes and oils! 
    ALL forms of smoking, effumations,liquor, other obnoxious subtabce 
use is strictly forbidden and strictly enforced. Don't being any with 
you, for partaking after the event off-campus. Tough it out until you 
get home. 
    Please keep good hygiene! Visit the restroom and take care of 
personal circumstances before the event. Restrooms are scattered 
around the halls with at least one a skip and hop from the meeting 
hall. Have simple fresheners and tissues for touch-up during the 
meeting. 
    Be calm and polite. You may chat with other spectators and 
delegates in the corridors, on wait lines, during breaks. You may show 
your badge if that helps break the ice. 
    Always keep in mind that the other attendees come from all parts 
of the world, other cultures, other social climates. As offensive as 
some aspects of their life may be, DO NOT EVER get into a fight, not 
even a dust-up, with any one. Keep cool! You could be hauled out of 
the event and barred from future entry onto the campus. 
    You may  banter about the event topic and related world activity. 
General convo about New York, the scene outside a window, the weather, 
are also good starting points. 

On campus 
 -------
    Once on campus you can relax and act more casually, like walking 
in the public street. You'll be steered to the meeting by signs and 
ushers. Please go recta mente to the event. Do not wander around on 
your own. Usually, if the meeting lets out in daylight, you may stroll 
around the campus for sightseeing. At night you'll have to head 
straight to the street. 
    Altho the heavy construction is finished, there's ongoing work 
inside the buildings. You may encounter barriers, tools and machines, 
noise & dust, water splash and puddles, dark corners, all the features 
you find at any large building site on Manhattan. Keep your eyes open. 
Mind your step. 
    The meeting room is in one of the pavilions you see in postcards 
and movies. Now YOU are INSIDE the place! You may get an initial rush 
while walking thru the corridors of the United Nations!! This floor, 
door, chair on other days saw delegates from your home country, or a 
country you thoroly dislike. 
    In many spots there are artworks supplied by member nations. Do 
admire them and study the captions. The greater number of the pieces 
are in areas away from the  public view. You may see them as a 
privilege of your visit. -

ADA concerns 
 ----------
    Please understand that the United Nations was built in the late 
1940s Standards and practices for occupant handicaps were vastly 
looser than today. And the United Nations technicly is outside normal 
US jurisdiction, altho it does on its own or thru agreement follow 
many US standards. 
     Even tho the campus is now renovated, there are plenty of 
impediments, hazard, barriers for ADA folk. 
    Most instances involve stairs and ramps. Some have open risers, 
slippery steps, no grip-strips, weak handrails. Also hazardous are 
short or weak fences and polished slippery floors. 
    Elevators may have obsolete panels, with no tactile button labels 
or positive button action. 
    On the other hand, signs carry large text, clear wording, 
contrasting colors. And lighting, while almost entirely of the 
original style, is quite even, ample, attractive. Yet here and there 
are puddles of dark, like in a recess or behind columns. 
    There are plenty of guards thruout the campus to offer or obtain 
assistance for ADA-qualified persons. If you have ADA concerns, do ask 
at the vent RSVP contact. 

Photography 
 ---------
    Even tho you are in the interior zones of the campus, you may take 
personal photos of the meeting, exhibits, hallways. Use only small 
handheld cameras and imaging devices. Be polite and quiet while taking 
pictures. . MAKE SURE the flash is turned off. Some cameras have 
'museum mode' that shuts off both flash and sounds. Shooting flash 
could trigger a threat alarm because it can look like a gun shot or 
explosive. You can get into all kinds of messy complications. There is 
strong ambient light in all areas of interest to shoot without flash. 
    To take pictures of individuals and small groups, specially during 
breaks or after the session, please purposefully ask the person first. 
and abide by his answer.  To signal that you do respect his decline 
for photography, pocket your camera and thank the person. 
    You may record audio, again with small devices in a polite and 
quiet manner. I learn that audio capture is usually lousy. There's too 
much ambient moise and crosstalk impressed in the recording, 
smothering the target narration. 

 Meeting room 
 ----------
    On the occasions I attended UN functions, the meeting room ranged 
from classroom-size rooms to mid-size lecture or conference rooms, to 
the very General Assembly chamber. All rooms I and others sat in were 
neat, clean, well-acclimatized. The smaller ones with a couple tens of 
seats, were cluttered with props, books, papers from previous uses, 
yet otherwise well maintained or newly refreshed. 
    All of the rooms had modern audio-visual apparatus, flat screen 
displays, computers and digital devices, motorized blackboards and 
projection screens. 
    All rooms have seats along curved tables facing the stage or 
podium. Persons sitting at the table have a flat wide working space. 
There may be extra seating along the walls or in the rear of the room. 
a separate peanut gallery has only seats, no tables. 
    Chairs vary in style among rooms. They may be light-weight rolling 
chairs to heavy clunky 'lobby' chairs to chairs mounted to the floor.. 
There isn't a standard 'United Nations' model. 
    Spectators are seated in a designated zone while the officials sit 
in front or center of the room. There may be a peanut gallery or just 
a roped off section for you. The arrangement is a function of the 
number of officials and spectators and of the furnishings in the 
room.. This may vary among meetings in the same room. 
    For small audience, specially if it is allowed active engagement 
during the meeting, everyone, spectators and officials, are seated 
mixed together. 

THOSE plaques
 -----------
    In every news media  picture of a UN session you are awed by the 
little name plaques at each seat. They are mounted at the front edge 
of the table where the leaders of a country's delegation sit. The 
country's lesser officials sit in seats behind them. The plaque shows 
the name of the country. The number of seats taken by a country can 
give it several plaques with its name.
    In the old days the name was a plastic plate set into the plaque's 
frame. Today the plaque is a digital screen which can show not only a 
country name but other text germane to the meeting. Plaques at the 
spectator seats are blank or show the title of the meeting. 

THOSE earpieces
 -------------
    To serve the diversity of languages and to speed up dialog, the 
United Nations invented 'realtime translation'. The speaker's dialog 
is repeated in all five UN language: Chinese, English, French, 
Russian, Spanish. Occasionally Arabic is added. 
    The translation is worked by a team of humans skilled one or more 
of the UN languages. In addition, by prior arrangement, a translator 
may be call led on for any non-UN language anticipated at the instant 
meeting. 
    The translator listens to the speaker's narration and then 
INSTANTLY repeats it in a UN language! Each human works an assigned UN 
language. 
   The translators sit in sound booths outside the meeting room. Each 
translator speaks into his own microphone, which is wired to each seat 
in the room. The seats, even those in the gallery, have an earpiece 
and control panel. All five UN translations come into the control 
panel, where you select one by push-button. 
     The earpiece is made of hard plastic to hang on the shell of your 
ear. Nothing inserts into the canal, like a bud or plug. . A 
disposable foam pad inside takes care of hygiene. It is replaced as 
part of setting up the meeting room.  Yet on Once in a while I had no 
pad in my earpiece. Perhaps it fell out. 
    If you want to practice language comprehension, this is how to do 
it! I  sometimes switch to Spanish to catch how a certain English 
phrases are translated. 
    The earpiece amplifies its audio. A button on the control panel 
adjusts the volume.  This is handy for general comfort when listening 
to English. when a meeting is all-English, only the english selection 
of language is active. it is piped directly to the earpiece without 
translator interaction. 
    On the occasion when spectators join the discussion a gooseneck 
microphone next to the name plaque lets you speak to the floor. YOUR 
WORDS are sent into the 5-way instant translation!! Thru the earpiece 
you may listen to the translation in  the other languages, WHILE YOU 
select,  WHILE YOU ARE SPEAKING! It's weird. 



Movement 
 ------
    Within the validity of your badge, you may wander around without 
much interference. You may examine artwork, look out windows, sit 
hallway seats, cruise litterature tables, and so on. Always keep your 
badge at ready for any requested inspection. 
    In general you must keep within the hours and areas stipulated on 
your badge. The meeting sponsor applies its own constraints to its 
badges. When you go home you may keep the badge as a souvenir because 
by then it is expired. 
    When on breeak, take your coat and bag eith you. The meeting room 
is under watch or closedmbit it's plain good horse sense to keep your 
gear with you at all times. 
    Here and there and every where, mostly at entrances to buildings, 
are turnstiles. They control admittance only to those with the proper 
clearance, as indicated by their badges. The machines work like those 
in a transit station or large office building. UN officials and crew 
dunk their badge in the turnstile to be let thru. 
   Because the badges for outside guests are temporary ones and made 
of paper, they don't engage the turnstile. I I want to pass thru a 
turnstile I let the guard inspect my badge. If it's copasetic he 
manually unlocks the turnstile for me. 
    Please be VERY CAREFUL! If you LEAVE thru a turnstile, you could 
be closed from RETURNING thru it! This can happen if you want to 
sightsee beyond a turnstile. Show your badge to the guard and ASK if 
you can step outside and come right back. 
    With the guard's assurance, do your sightseeing and GET BACK 
QUICKLY!! The guard may forget who you are when you return or, worse, 
he's replaced by the next shift who knows nothing about you. If 
feasible, stay in line-of-sight view of the guard during your 
excursion. He'll feel more at ease about you. 
    According as the event's program there may be a lunch or exhibit 
recess. The sponsor arranges for the spectators to pass thru the 
intervening turnstiles as a group under its watch. STAY WITH THE 
GROUP! Lagging behind will likely bar you from catching up. 

Food and drink 
 ------------
    Like in most interior spaces, you may not eat or drink. Such 
activity is fully forbidden in the meeting room. You can chew candies 
entirely in mouth, but please don't have any open food or drink. 
Collect all wrapping, napkins, tissues, and put them in the waste 
bins. These are near the exit doors of the meeting room, else use 
those in a nearby restroom. 
    Occasionally a UN show includes snacks or buffet. Serving tables 
are set up in a corridor for attendes to tank up. 
    This service is the exception. UN events typicly have no food 
associated with them. 
    UN workers take meals at the internal cafeterias among the 
pavilions. For certain events you may be usehered to one of these 
cafeterias. 
    One cafeteria  commonly used for events overlooks East River. It's 
not at all fancy, being like a large college or museum type of 
facility. 
    The favored tables are at the picture windows facing East River, 
Roosevelt Island, Queens. 
    Food is good, plentiful, and comfortably priced. Refuse is put in 
separate bins for food waste and recycling 
    You'll love the banter among the UN people in native languages! 
What a way to see first hand how peoples of the world can sit together 
in harmony and peace!! 
    Outside the picture windows is a broad terrace, open in mild 
weather. Cocktail tables are deployed for guests to take in the air 
and sun. This is entirely at the discretion of the cafeteria 
management. 
    I must remind that the UN internal cafeterias are in nonpublic 
parts of the campus. You can not reach them without the proper badge. 
Don't figure to come back tomorrow for an other round of riverfront 
noshing. 
    With no nourishment at the event, you may eat at the public 
cafeteria, Vienna Cafe', in the visitors hall of the Secretariat 
Building.. With constraints on guest movement for spectators, you may 
have to eat before or after the event, when you are already in the 
public space. I noticed that it's sometimes closed or reserved for 
some internal event. 
    items are taken from shelfs, hot and cold, with frequent 
replenishment as they run out. Tableware is given at the paypoint. 
Circle around to the adjacent tables. 
    A caution about the tables. I at times find an empty table, set 
down my meal, and poof!, there are no chairs. it seems that chairs are 
too few to match the edge space of the tables. if you miss a chair, 
there are benches along the nearby walls. Please be extra neat and do 
clean up when finished. 
    Off-campus there are many eateries on the side streets. They offer 
a large range of meals and prices. Some have sidewalk seating with 
views of the UN buildings. 

After the event
 -------------
    You may be conducted straight to the street on First Avenue or 
released into a public zone of the campus. 
    If the latter, only offered during campus open hours, you may 
explore around. On the regular tourist visit you're herded around with 
no free ranging. This new occasion is a perfect chance to 
inspect.artwoek, gardens, cityscapes. 
    When done with your visit, ask for the way to the street. If you 
get lost, ask any UN crew for directions. Show your badge and follow 
instructions. 
    The campus buttons up for public visits at about 6PM, wandering on 
the clock with season and activity. Make SURE you are off the campus 
by closing hour! It is more work for the UN crew to walk you thru 
darkened halls and locked gates and off the premises. 

Darksky freak-out 
 ---------------
    The United nations was built IN THE LATE 1940S,before the bulk of 
present-day astronomers were born. It maintains about the same 
exterior aspect ever since opening day. It is casual to think it has 
the horrible outdoor lighting so common in comparable large structures 
else where in the country. 
    Not. A darksky agitator, after seeing the campus at night for the 
first tie, could WEEP for tue sky-friendly lighting on the United 
Nations! 
    Nighttime lighting is delicately applied to the walls of certain 
pavilions, the garden lamps are  partially or fully shielded, outdoor 
artwork is viewed only by natural daylight. Temporary construction 
lights are moderate in number and are often under canopy or roof. 
    This parasigmaof illumination was embedded in the design of the 
UN, a capital house for planet Earth. The motif is grandeur in both 
majesty and modesty. 
     Altho the gardens are closed from the public at night, their 
lighting is such that useful observing can be done under it. This is 
only two kilometers from Times Square! 
    The interior lighting, while not intended to be star-friendly, 
carries the soft majesty theme. There is hardly any where a glaring 
lamp! Most area lighting is in ceiling recesses, sconces, coves, and 
other shielded housing. 
    The United Nations is the project your grandfather built! What 
kind of project are you building now in your town? 

Conclusion
 -------- 
    A prime goal of NYSkies, in league with other astronomy centers in 
the City region, is to meld our profession into the civic and social 
fabric around us. Unless we make astronomy one among the other 
cultural amenities of city life, we will forever be a fringe element, 
    In that state, astronomy will be treated as a cute hobby or fuzzy 
academic toy. It will be passed over in the flow of urban life, 
struggling to maintain entropy, stuck in the deep and distant 20th 
century. That's when home astronomers were marginalized as 'amateurs'. 
    The UN's current public program is an orders capital means  for 
astronomers to further our profession's standing in society. 
    We must grab it now